Fiberglass, sometimes called fiberglass, is a common fiber-reinforced plastic that uses fiberglass. The fibers can be randomly arranged, flattened into sheets called chopped strand mats, or woven into glass cloth. The plastic matrix may be a thermoset polymer matrix, usually based on a thermoset polymer such as epoxy, polyester or vinyl ester resin or a thermoplastic.

It is cheaper and more flexible than carbon fiber, stronger in weight than many metals, non-magnetic, non-conductive, transparent to electromagnetic radiation, can be molded into complex shapes, and in many cases chemically inert. Applications include aircraft, boats, automobiles, bathtubs and enclosures, swimming pools, hot tubs, septic tanks, tanks, roofs, plumbing, cladding, orthopaedic castings, surfboards, and exterior door skins.

Another common name for fiberglass is fiberglass reinforced plastic. Since the fiberglass itself is sometimes referred to as "fiberglass", the composite material is also known as fiberglass reinforced plastic. This document will adopt the convention that "glass fiber" refers to the entire fiber reinforced composite material, not just the glass fibers therein.

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer is a similar composite material where the reinforcement is carbon fiber.

 

Production of Fiberglass

The process of making glass fibers is called pultrusion. The manufacturing process for reinforced fiberglass uses large furnaces to gradually melt silica sand, limestone, kaolin clay, fluorite, hard rock, dolomite, and other minerals until a liquid is formed. It is then extruded through a bushing or spinneret, which is a bundle of very small holes.

These filaments are then glued or coated with a chemical solution. The individual filaments are now bundled in bulk to provide the roving. The diameter of the filament and the number of filaments in the roving determine its weight.

These rovings are then either used directly in composite applications such as pultrusion, filament winding, gun roving, or used in intermediate steps to make fabrics such as randomly oriented small cut length fibers all bonded together Chopped strand mats made of woven, knitted or unidirectional fabrics.

 

Is Fiberglass Heat Resistant?

Normally, high temperature fiberglass can withstand operating temperatures up to 1000°F/550°C, and these fabrics are mechanically resistant, chemically stable, electrically and thermally insulating, and water and oil repellent.

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